Ramin Seikan

Ramin Seikan
	railway tunnel (en) da undersea tunnel (en)
Bayanai
Farawa	10 ga Maris, 1985
Suna a harshen gida	青函トンネル
Ƙasa	Japan
Mamallaki	Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (en)
Wanda yake bi	Seikan Ferry (en)
Gagarumin taron	start of construction (en)
Ma'aikaci	Hokkaido Railway Company (en) da Japan Freight Railway Company (en)
Date of official opening (en)	13 ga Maris, 1988
Giciye	Hanyan ruwan Tsugaru
Carries thoroughfare (en)	Hokkaido Shinkansen (en) da Kaikyō Line (en)
Track gauge (en)	standard-gauge railway (en) da 1067 mm track gauge (en)
Terminus	Honshu
Shafin yanar gizo	jrhokkaido.co.jp…
Subject has role (en)	Japan's longest railway tunnel (en)
Type of electrification (en)	25 kV, 50 Hz AC railway electrification (en)
Dedicated heritage entity (en)	Fukushima Town Seikan Tunnel Museum (en)
Wuri
	41°18′57″N 140°20′06″E / 41.3157°N 140.3351°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Japan
Prefecture of Japan (en)	Aomori Prefecture (en)
District of Japan (en)	Higashitsugaru District (en)
Town of Japan (en)	Imabetsu (en)

Ramin Seikan ( Japanese , Seikan Tonneru or青函隧道, Seikan Zuidō ) Ramin jirgin kasa ne mai tsawon 53.85 kilometres (33.5 mi) a cikin Japan, tare da yanki mai 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi) yana gudana ƙarƙashin gaɓar tekun Tsugaru Strait, wanda ya raba yankin Aomori da ke yankin Hodo na arewacin ƙasar Japan . Matsayin waƙar rami yana da kusan 100 metres (330 ft) ƙasa da tekun da 240 metres (790 ft) kasa matakin teku. ^[1] Bayan shekaru da yawa na tsarawa da gini, rami ya buɗe a ranar 13 ga Maris 1988.

Ramin Seikan ya zama wani ɓangare na daidaitaccen ma'auni Hokkaido Shinkansen da kuma layin Kaikyō kunkuntar ma'auni wanda Kamfanin Railway Hokkaido (JR Hokkaido) ke sarrafawa. Sunanta, "Seikan," an samo shi daga karatun on'yomi na haruffan farko na Aomori , babban birni mafi kusa a Honshu, da Hakodate , babban birni mafi kusa a Hokkaido.

Tarihi

Jirgin da ke gabatowa Tappi-Kaitei a Yuli 2008

Tunanin haɗa tsibirin Honshu da Hokkaido ta hanyar kafaffen hanyar haɗin gwiwa an gabatar da shi ne daga Sojojin Japan na Imperial a ƙarshen 1920s saboda dalilai masu mahimmanci kuma yana cikin ra'ayin sojojin na haɗa manyan tsibiran Japan da Koriya ta Japan da ke hannun Jafan da tsibirin Sakhalin, na ƙarshen kuma an raba shi da Japan da Tarayyar Soviet .

An mika shirin ramin ga Ma'aikatar Railways a cikin 1946, tare da binciken farko na binciken kasa da nazarin yiwuwar da aka fara a ranar 24 ga Afrilu na wannan shekarar wanda ya haifar da asarar yankunan ketare a karshen yakin duniya na biyu da kuma buƙatar karbar masu dawowa. A cikin 1954, jiragen ruwa guda biyar, ciki har da Tōya Maru, sun nutse a cikin Tekun Tsugaru yayin wata mahaukaciyar guguwa, inda suka kashe fasinjoji 1,430. ^[2] A shekara mai zuwa, Layin Jirgin ƙasa na Jafananci (JNR) ya haɓaka binciken yuwuwar rami. ^[2] Har ila yau, abin damuwa shine karuwar zirga-zirga tsakanin tsibiran biyu; tattalin arzikin da ya bunƙasa ya ga matakan zirga-zirga a kan Seikan Ferry na JNR sau biyu zuwa fasinjoji 4,040,000 a shekara daga 1955 zuwa 1965, kuma matakan dakon kaya ya tashi sau 1.7 zuwa tan 6,240,000 a shekara. Hasashen hasashen zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar tsakanin tsibiran da aka yi a cikin 1971 ya annabta haɓaka haɓaka wanda a ƙarshe zai wuce ƙarfin ginin jirgin ruwan, wanda yanayin yanki ya takura. ^[2]

Tsarin

Da farko, 1,067 kawai mm An shimfiɗa waƙa mai kunkuntar ta hanyar rami, amma a cikin 2005 aikin Hokkaido Shinkansen ya fara ginawa wanda ya haɗa da shimfida hanyar ma'auni guda biyu (samar da ma'auni na ma'auni ) da kuma fadada hanyar sadarwar Shinkansen ta hanyar rami. Ayyukan Shinkansen zuwa Hakodate ya fara ne a cikin Maris 2016, kuma ana ba da shawarar tsawaita zuwa Sapporo ta 2031. Ramin yana da 52 kilometres (32 mi) na ci gaba da welded dogo . ^[3]

Tashoshi biyu sun kasance a cikin rami - Tappi-Kaitei Station da Yoshioka-Kaitei Station . Biyu sune tashoshin jirgin kasa na farko a duniya da aka gina a karkashin teku. Dukansu sun rufe tare da gina Hokkaido Shinkansen, amma suna ci gaba da zama wuraren tserewa na gaggawa. A yayin da gobara ko wani bala'i ya faru, tashoshi suna ba da daidaitaccen tsaro na rami mafi guntu. Ana inganta tasirin hanyoyin tserewa a tashoshi na gaggawa ta hanyar samun magoya bayan shaye-shaye don fitar da hayaki, kyamarori na talabijin don taimaka wa fasinjoji zuwa aminci, tsarin ƙararrawa na thermal (infrared), da nozzles na fesa ruwa. ^[4] Kafin gina Hokkaido Shinkansen, duka tashoshin biyu sun ƙunshi gidajen tarihi da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da tarihi da aikin ramin da za a iya ziyarta a kan balaguron balaguro na musamman. Yanzu an rufe gidajen tarihi kuma sararin yana ba da ajiya don aiki akan Hokkaido Shinkansen. ^[5]

Shiga zuwa rami daga bangaren Honshu; lura da waƙoƙin ma'auni biyu
Yoshioka-Kaitei tashar dandamali

Kulawa

Rahoton na 2002 na Michitsugu Ikuma ya bayyana, ga sashin karkashin teku, cewa "tsarin ramin ya bayyana yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi." ^[6] Adadin shigowar ya ragu da lokaci, kodayake yana "karu daidai bayan babban girgizar ƙasa". ^[6] A cikin Maris 2018 yana ɗan shekara 30, farashin kulawa ya kai ¥ 30 biliyan (US $286 miliyan) tun daga 1999. Tsare-tsaren shine don haɓaka saurin tafiya da samar da sadarwar wayar hannu tare da cikakken hanya.

Manazarta

↑ "Seikan Tunnel Trivia". JR Hokkaido. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
1 2 3 Matsuo, S. (1986). "An overview of the Seikan Tunnel Project Under the Ocean". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 1 (3–4): 323–331. doi:10.1016/0886-7798(86)90015-5.
↑ "Seikan Tunnel Museum". 記念館案内青函トンネル記念館公式ホームページ (in Japananci). Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2006.
↑ Morse, D. (May 1988). "Japan Tunnels Under the Ocean". Civil Engineering. 58 (5): 50–53.
↑ "March 2006". jrtr.net. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2006.
1 2 Ikuma, M. (2005). "Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 20 (2): 143–149. Bibcode:2005TUSTI..20..143I. doi:10.1016/j.tust.2003.10.001.

[1] "Seikan Tunnel Trivia". JR Hokkaido. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

[Matsuo2-2] 1 2 3 Matsuo, S. (1986). "An overview of the Seikan Tunnel Project Under the Ocean". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 1 (3–4): 323–331. doi:10.1016/0886-7798(86)90015-5.

[museum-3] "Seikan Tunnel Museum". 記念館案内青函トンネル記念館公式ホームページ (in Japananci). Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2006.

[Morse2-4] Morse, D. (May 1988). "Japan Tunnels Under the Ocean". Civil Engineering. 58 (5): 50–53.

[jrtrMarch062-5] "March 2006". jrtr.net. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2006.

[Ikuma-6] 1 2 Ikuma, M. (2005). "Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 20 (2): 143–149. Bibcode:2005TUSTI..20..143I. doi:10.1016/j.tust.2003.10.001.

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